Due Diligence
Checklist for Hospital Acquisition of Medical Practice
This checklist can be
used by a hospital when acquiring a practice and employing its physicians and
staff. The applicability of certain items on the list is dependant upon
hospital's business structuring decisions, says Philadelphia attorney Brad
Rostolsky, who developed the checklist. Contact Rostolsky who is with Reed
Smith, at brostolsky@reedsmith.com.
A. Organization
of the Practice
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(1)
Documents showing the legal entity or structure of the practice such as articles
of incorporation or articles of organization.
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(2) Certificates
of good standing or existence from the state corporation commission
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(3)
Current bylaws
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(4) Copy of
minutes for meetings of practice’s (a) governing board; (b) shareholders; and
(c) executive and other committees for the past ____ years . List all standing
and other committees of practice (including members and duties).
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(5) List of all
jurisdictions in which practice is qualified to do business and list of all
other jurisdictions in which practice owns or leases real property or
maintains an office or an agent who is a resident of such state and a
description of the business conducted in each such jurisdiction. Copy of the
certificates of authority, good standing certificates and tax status
certificates from all jurisdictions in which practice is qualified to do
business.
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(6) List of all
“doing business as” names under which practice operates.
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(7) Copy of all
documents related to joint venture arrangements or partnerships to which practice
is a party, and related correspondence.
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(8) Federal employer
identification numbers of practice.
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(9) List of all
state agencies required to approve a sale of assets by practice.
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B. Ownership
and Control of Practice
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(1) Organizational
chart.
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(2) List of
shareholders, indicating type of security and percentage interest owned, of practice
and copy of any operating agreements, voting agreements or other agreements
regarding ownership or control of practice.
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(3) List of all
subsidiaries of practice and the percent of ownership interest owned. If the
percentage owned is less than 100%, provide detailed information about other
owner and its/their interest.
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(4)
Description of equity securities of practice, if any.
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(5)
Members of the board of directors of practice.
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(6) Copy of practice’s
conflict of interest policy and all statements submitted pursuant thereto.
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(7) List of all
consultants and legal counsel used in the last ____ years.
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(8) Description
of any restrictions or policies on transfer of assets (including but not
limited to, restrictions pertaining to religious affiliation, restricted
gifts, endowments, required authorizations and approvals).
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C.
Financial Matters
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(1)
Audited and unaudited financial statements prepared according to GAAP for the last ____ years and for the year-to-date along with the same month-end
in the prior year.
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(2)
Copy of all monthly internally prepared detail income statements, P&Ls,
and balance sheets, including the most recent year to date financial and
operating statements.
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(3)
Any auditors (internal and external) letters (including inquiry letters) and
reports to management for the past five fiscal years (and management’s
responses thereto).
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(4)
Receivables analysis and bad debt experience for the past ____ years.
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(5)
List of all contingent liabilities, identifying such liabilities and the
nature of the contingency.
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(6)
Any projections for the current and following years, with a description of
assumptions to and the bases underlying the projections.
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(7) Committed
and planned capital expenditures and expense budget for the next ____ fiscal
years.
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(8) Description
of practice’s depreciation policy.
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(9) List terms
of gifts and endowments, and all pending gifts and bequests.
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(10) Copy of
outstanding bond documents.
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(11) Copy of
all debt instruments, including all guaranty agreements of practice.
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(12) Description
short and long-term financing plans of practice.
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(13) Description
of principal banking and credit relationships (including payroll matters),
the names of each bank, or other financial institution, the nature, limit and
current status of any outstanding indebtedness, loan or credit commitment and
other financing arrangement.
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(14) Copy of
correspondence with lenders for the past ___ years including all compliance
reports submitted by practice or its independent public accountants.
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(15) Copy of
any UCC searches or filings related to practice in relevant states.
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D. Assets and
Operations
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(1) List of
fixed assets, by site, owned or used by the practice, including the
identification of the person or entity holding title to such assets.
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(2) Copy of any
current furniture and equipment leases or appraisals.
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(3) Schedule of
each parcel of land and buildings owned, including location, description, lot
size, building square footage, date of purchase, and purchase price; provide
a copy of the deed and title report on each parcel; copy of all previously
prepared environmental engineering surveys and inspections on such parcels.
Copies of any real estate appraisals on such parcels. Original deeds and/or
bills of sale for such real property.
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(4) Copy of any
outstanding loans related to the facilities or lease-hold improvements.
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(5) List of all
ancillary equipment and vehicles utilized in practice.
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(6) Schedule of
collateral currently pledged.
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(7) Schedule of
all intangible assets (including customer lists).
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(8) History of
the practice.
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(9) Description
of all major services offered, along with a description of any major service
expansions planned or anticipated.
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E. Reimbursement
Matters
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(1) Statistical
information concerning the operation of the practice, including without
limitation: FTEs by department by month, trend report related to patient
volumes, patient visit total by provider, new pt visit total by provider,
unit volumes by CPT code by provider (for ___ years), surgical case volume by
provider, revenue collection by doctor and by facility, revenue and
collection rate by payor, payor mix including number of enrollees for any
capitated plan, work RVU’s, compiled
annually for the last three years and monthly for the calendar year to date.
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(2) Summary
matrix of managed care rates and terms and associated managed care gross
charges by managed care payor for the two most recently completed fiscal
years as well as the most recently completed month-end in the current year
and the same month-end in the prior year.
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(3) Copy of
contractual computations for the two most recently completed fiscal years as
well as the most recently completed month-end in the current year and the
same month-end in the prior year. Include a schedule which ties-out the
contractual computations to the general ledger(s) and financial statements.
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(4) Copy of
general ledgers for the two most recently completed fiscal years as well as
the most recently completed month-end in the current year and the same
month-end in the prior year.
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(5) Net revenue
by payee source for past ___ years.
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(6) Copy of
accounts receivable aging report by payor for the ___ most recently completed
fiscal years as well as the most recently completed month-end in the current
year and the same month-end in the prior year.
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(7) Copy of all
correspondence within the last ___ years received from or directed to (a)
Medicare, Medicaid, or any other third-party payor, (b) any governmental
agency, or (c) any accrediting organization.
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(8)
Copy of all contracts, lease agreements, provider agreements, and other
binding legal contracts concerning third-party reimbursement consulting
services.
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(9) Copy of
marketing materials and other communications with referral sources or
patients.
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F.
Significant Contracts and Commitments
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(1) Copies of
all real property leases, subleases.
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(2) Contracts,
understandings or arrangements concerning maintenance of premises.
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(3) Contracts
and correspondence relating to any completed (during the past ___ years) or
proposed reorganization, acquisition, merger, or purchase or sale of
substantial assets.
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(4) All
material agreements encumbering personal property owned by practice including
pledge, security agreements, or financing statements.
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(5) Copy of all
leases of personal property, equipment, and fixtures.
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(6) Copy of all
loan agreements, notes, guarantees, compensating balance arrangements, lines
of credit, lease financing arrangements, installment purchases.
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(7) Current
contracts with consultants.
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(8) Current
contracts for the purchase of fixed assets.
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(9) Data
processing agreements, including maintenance and communication contracts.
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(10) Documents
relating to any loans or other transactions between Practice and any
director, trustee, officer or owner of the practice.
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(11) Contracts
between practice and other health care providers, including, but not limited
to, any contracts for any entity to manage units or departments of the
practice or contracts for the practice to provide services to other entities.
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(12) For any
contract listed in this section, state whether any party is in default or
claimed to be in default.
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(13) For any
contract listed in this section, state whether the contract requires the
consent of any person to assign such contract to the buyer or collaterally
assign such contract to any lender of the buyer.
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(14) Contracts
and other documents regarding arrangements with referral sources, marketing agents,
patients and third-party payors.
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(15) Copy of
honorarium and consulting agreements for any of the providers and indicate
whether income flows to the practice.
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(16) Copy of
all arrangements where physicians are providing medical training.
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(17) Copy of
all clinical trial arrangements and indicate whether it is with the practice
or with the physicians individually.
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(18) List of
all outside activities where physicians or mid-level providers are providing
medical services, on a volunteer basis or where they are compensated from a
source other than the practice.
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(19) List of
all major contracts or understandings not otherwise previously disclosed
under this section, indicating the material terms (including assignment and
termination provisions) and parties.
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G.
Insurance
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(1) Copy of all
insurance and indemnity policies and coverage carried by practice, including
policies or coverage for professional liability, properties, business risk,
casualty and workers compensation for both current and previous year. Attach
name, address, and telephone number of the insurance broker.
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(2) Copy of
most recent renewal proposal and renewal data submitted for last renewal.
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(3) Summaries
of property — casualty insurance programs for the past ___ years.
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(4) List currently
valued claim information for all lines of insurance for the past ____ years.
Include summaries of major claims, full descriptions of any casualty claims
open for more than five years, and description of who provides necessary
reserving practices services and calculations for incurred but not reported.
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(5) Description
of risk management activities for the operation of the practice (including
incident reporting policies), along with loss control/prevention and safety
programs.
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(6) Summary and
description of all product, property, business risk, employee health, group
life, and key-man insurance relating to the operation of the practice.
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H.
Governmental Regulation
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(1) Copy of all
licenses, permits, certificates, authorizations, registrations, concessions,
approvals, exemptions and other operating authorities from all federal, state
and local regulatory authorities (including, but not limited to, business
licenses, laboratory, pharmacy, nuclear, food service, incinerator,
sprinklers, sterilization equipment, air permits, elevators, boilers, tanks,
and any other permits or licenses) and any applications therefore, and a
description of any pending, contemplated or threatened changes in the
foregoing, and a description of any pending or threatened proceedings or
investigations before any court or any regulatory authority regarding the
foregoing.
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(2) Description
of the potential affect on practice’s operations or assets of any pending or
proposed federal or state regulations or regulatory changes of which practice
is aware.
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(3) Copy of any
consent decrees or orders (including applicable injunctions) to which
practice is a party.
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(4) Copy of all
correspondence with regulatory authorities, including CMS, state agencies,
and Medicare intermediaries for the past ____ years.
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(5) List and
describe each pending or threatened claim or investigation by any
governmental agency which might have an effect on practice’s operations or
assets, including copy of correspondence if applicable.
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(6) Copy of all
certificates of need and related documentation.
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(7) Copy of all
other data on regulatory compliance including environmental control and
employee safety compliance, problems, potential violations, expenditures,
etc.
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(8) Copy of the
most current state DEA license (and equivalent state license, if applicable)
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(9) HIPAA privacy
and security policies and notice of privacy practices, and summaries of
events of noncompliance for the past ____ years.
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(10) Copy of
all OSHA examinations, reports, and complaints.
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I.
Litigation
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(1) List of all
litigation, arbitration and government proceedings relating to practice that
might have an effect on practice’s operations or assets to which practice or
any of its directors, trustees, owners, officers or employees is or has been
a party, or which is threatened against any of them, indicating the name of
the court, agency or other body before whom pending, date instituted, amount
involved and current status.
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(2) List and
give a brief description of any pending or threatened claim or litigation
involving alleged violations of laws or regulations regarding equal
employment opportunity or the health or safety of employees or others or
other governmental or administrative proceedings which might have an effect
on practice’s operations or assets.
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(3) Brief
description of any outstanding judgments against practice.
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(4) Information
as to any past or present federal, state, local or foreign governmental
investigation of or proceeding involving practice, or the practice’s
directors, trustees, owners, officers or employees.
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(5) Copy of all
attorneys’ responses to audit inquiries for the past ____ years.
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(6) ____ year
claims history for professional/general liability, workers’ compensation,
auto, health and dental, property, and officers and directors’ insurance.
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(7) Copy of all
pending and incomplete settlements and a
copy of any executed agreements within the past ____ years.
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J.
Billing and Utilization Review [Coding review and analysis should be
considered]
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(1) Copy of
billing and collection policies and procedures.
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(2) List of all
discounts given regularly by the practice and copy of discount and charity
care policies and procedures.
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(3) Copy of
billing and refund policies and procedures.
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(4) Copy of
current charge master by location.
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K. Management, Employees, Benefits and
Contracts
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(1) Copy of
practice’s employee benefit plans as currently in effect, including all
pension (defined benefit, money-purchase and target benefit), profit sharing,
thrift, stock bonus, ESOPs, bonus, stock option plans, group or key man life
insurance plans, salary continuation plans, supplemental unemployment benefit
plans, medical insurance or reimbursement plans and all other direct or
deferred compensation plans, together with the following documents:
·
All
applicable trust agreements for the foregoing plans;
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Copy
of all IRS determination letters for the foregoing qualified plans;
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Latest
IRS forms for the foregoing qualified plans, including all annual reports,
schedules and attachments;
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Latest
copy of all summary plan qualifications, including modifications, along with
any booklets for the foregoing plans;
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Latest
actuarial evaluations with respect to the foregoing defined benefit plans;
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Expense
history related to these plans, including projected benefits obligation; and
·
Schedule
of fund assets and unfunded liabilities under applicable plans.
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(2) A current
list of provider and non-provider FTE’s (by site, by department/service/job
function) in connection with the practice’s operations, whether pursuant to a
written agreement, full or part time, union or non-union. For each employee
indicate date of hire, job title, current compensation rate, other fringe
benefits, and indicate if hired pursuant to a written agreement or letter of
employment.
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(3) Copy of all
employment contracts, consulting agreements, independent contractor
agreements, incentive agreements, non-disclosure agreements, and non-compete
agreements relating to any employees, including officers and executive
management personnel, of practice who work at the practice or standard forms
of such contracts. Disclose any compensation commitments not currently
fulfilled. Separately indicate all key employees.
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(4) Description
of the employment background of the executive officers and directors of
practice who work at the practice, including directorships of other
companies.
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(5) Copy of
personal clinic schedule by physician for the last ____ months and a listing
of regular weekly hours [by location].
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(6) Projected
payroll for the practice, [broken out by site] for the coming year.
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(7) Copy of all
agreements and description of all arrangements with directors in connection
with the practice’s operations, including compensation for board, committee
duties, and directorships.
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(8) Copy of any
collective bargaining agreements which might affect the operations of the
practice (if any). Description of labor disputes relating to the practice’s
operations within the last three years. List of current union representation,
organizational efforts and projected schedule of future collective bargaining
negotiations (if any).
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(9) Copy of all
employee handbooks and policy manuals (including affirmative action plans)
for employees.
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(10) Copy of
all personnel policies and procedures for employees, including but not
limited to, payroll procedures/cycles, harassment, discrimination, etc.
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(11) Copy of HR
agreements for claims administration and stop-loss reimbursement for
employees.
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(12) Description
of staffing plans for expansion of the practice’s staff.
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L.
Tax Matters
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(1) Copy of tax
returns (including information returns) for the latest closed year and all
open years for practice (including all federal and state consolidated
returns) and a copy of each physician’s W2 form for last ___ years.
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(2) Audit and
revenue agent’s reports for practice; protests filed by practice.
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(3) Settlement
documents and correspondence for ___ years involving practice.
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(4) Any
agreements waiving statute of limitations or extending time involving
practice.
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(5) Description
of accrued federal, state and local withholding taxes and FICA for practice.
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(6) List of all
state, local and foreign jurisdictions in which practice pays or files taxes
or collects sales taxes from its customers.
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(7) IRS
Determination letters, private letter rulings, and documents as to federal,
state, or real estate tax status.
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(8) Copy of all
IRS powers of attorney given by practice.
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(9) List of all
independent contractors of practice for which no withholding is taken.
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(10) Copy of
current letters concerning real estate tax exemption for practice’s
properties.
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(11) Copy of
any loans, leases or other transactions with individuals at rates below
market.
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M.
Environmental Matters in Respect of Practice’s Assets
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(1) Name and
address of local utilities (electric, gas, water/sewer, solid waste, etc.)
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(2) Name and
address of medical waste disposal companies and copy of recent manifest.
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(3) Name and
address of nuclear medicine handling company, x-ray maintenance, and other
ancillary equipment companies.
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(4) Copy of
previous environmental surveys conducted at the practice including Phase I
inspections, subsurface investigations, asbestos surveys, audits, etc.
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(5) Copy of
abatement plans for asbestos materials and/or lead paint.
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(6) Copy of
remediation reports for hazardous substance or petroleum spills.
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(7) Operations
and maintenance plan for asbestos building materials and/or lead paint.
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(8) Copy of
site safety plan including fire evacuation plan.
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(9) Description
of other environmental risk exposures, including EPA issues, occupational
disease, poisonous substances, dust/airborne substances, mold, aquifer
contamination, dump sites. Provide any related reports, and indicate who has
evaluated the risk for practice.
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N.
Physician Relationships
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(1) Copy of all
recruitment, employment, non-compete, severance or other contracts with physicians
who practice at the practice.
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(2) Copy of loan guarantees with
physicians.
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(3) Instances where any
physician serves as a landlord (individually or as part of an entity) to
practice.
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O. Accreditation
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(1) Joint
Commission status of the practice and copy of the three most recent Joint
Commission survey reports and related correspondence and follow up.
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(2) All other accreditation
certificates, survey reports, and correspondence current or pending. Indicate
if accreditation by an organization has been denied within the last ___
years.
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P.
Miscellaneous
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(1) Copy of all press releases,
press clippings, public relations materials or similar documentation issued
in the last ____ years.
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(2) Written
brochures describing products or services.
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(3) Website
address.
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(4) All annual
reports for practice; all materials provided to owners, trustees and board
members.
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(5) Current
descriptions of practice’s business, products, properties or operations that may
have been prepared for any purpose, including any brochures used in
soliciting or advertising.
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(6) Copy of
compliance plans, policies and documents relating to complaints, inquiries
and internal investigations relating to possible regulatory compliance
issues.
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(7) Policies
and procedures regarding informed consent advance directives, supervision,
and medical records confidentiality in respect of the practice’s operations.
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